Microscopic techniques as an expedient tool for binding science and art

Abstract

Microbial growth and proliferation are one of the principal causes of cultural heritage objects deterioration. Investigation of structural and aesthetic alterations of artworks frequently entrenches micromycetes as the main culprits, making mycological investigations mandatory in conservation science. Since initial biodeterioration assessments include the study of structural change and identification of potential biodeteriogens, the application of adequate microscopic techniques is the first step in the complex study of degradation mechanisms. In recent years, development and application of in situ optical microscopy provides scientists with the opportunity to study the cultural heritage artifact at the site, which is especially important concerning masonry and monuments. Therefore, it represents a practical contemporary method for rapid detection of biological deteriogens present in both natural environment and on cultural heritage objects. Application of non-invasive adhesive tapes, sterile swabs and contact dip-slides allows further assessments via the usage of stereomicroscopy and standard optical microscopy which are essential for the accurate characterization of micromorphology of the isolated species. Finally, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) provides a very detailed insight not only into morphological features of microorganisms and the colonized substrata but also gives information about chemical composition of the designated area. Hence, utilization of diverse microscopic techniques is indispensable in cultural heritage artworks survey, and its role cannot be disregarded in any trendsetting scientific research in this field.