Bio-functional potential of a phenolic-rich sunflower meal extract: modulation of individual gut microbes growth and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities

Abstract

This study evaluated the potential of s un f lower m eal (SFM) extract as a putative sustainable functional food ingredient. SFM extract was obtained by simple, food-grade, and environmentally friendly extraction, leaving a feed-appropriate solid residue. Chemical characterization revealed extract's high phenolic content, with chlorogenic acid identified as the major constituent. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity and demonstrated notable prebiotic potential, assessed through examination of in vitro growth modulation in single-strain models on beneficial gut microbiota representatives and an indicator for pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, in vitro and in silico assays suggested the inhibitory potential of chlorogenic acid and SFM extract on α-glucosidase, supporting its possible antidiabetic effect. Cell-based assays indicated attenuation of oxidative and nitrosative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 murine microglial cells. Overall, the SFM extract demonstrated promising bioactive properties under in vitro conditions, suggesting its potential as a multifunctional and sustainable, phenolic-rich ingredient for use in functional food applications.