Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://biore.bio.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7478
Title: Uncovering the Role of Autochthonous Deteriogenic Biofilm Community: Rožanec Mithraeum Monument (Slovenia)
Authors: Ljaljević-Grbić, Milica 
Dimkić, Ivica 
Janakiev, Tamara 
Kosel, Janez
Tavzes, Črtomir
Popović, Slađana 
Knežević, Aleksandar 
Legan, Lea
Retko, Klara
Ropret, Polonca
Unković, Nikola 
Keywords: Decay;Endoliths;Microbes;Roman masterpiece;Stone relief;Subaerial biofilm
Issue Date: 28-Jun-2024
Rank: M21a
Publisher: Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
Journal: Microbial ecology
Volume: 87
Issue: 1
Start page: 87
Abstract: 
The primary purpose of the study, as part of the planned conservation work, was to uncover all aspects of autochthonous biofilm pertaining to the formation of numerous deterioration symptoms occurring on the limestone Rožanec Mithraeum monument in Slovenia. Using state-of-the-art sequencing technologies combining mycobiome data with observations made via numerous light and spectroscopic (FTIR and Raman) microscopy analyses pointed out to epilithic lichen Gyalecta jenensis and its photobiont, carotenoid-rich Trentepohlia aurea, as the origin of salmon-hued pigmented alterations of limestone surface. Furthermore, the development of the main deterioration symptom on the monument, i.e., biopitting, was instigated by the formation of typical endolithic thalli and ascomata of representative Verrucariaceae family (Verrucaria sp.) in conjunction with the oxalic acid-mediated dissolution of limestone. The domination of lichenized fungi, as the main deterioration agents, both on the relief and surrounding limestone, was additionally supported by the high relative abundance of lichenized and symbiotroph groups in FUNGuild analysis. Obtained results not only upgraded knowledge of this frequently occurring but often overlooked group of extremophilic stone heritage deteriogens but also provided a necessary groundwork for the development of efficient biocontrol formulation applicable in situ for the preservation of similarly affected limestone monuments.
URI: https://biore.bio.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7478
ISSN: 00953628
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02404-0
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