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Title: | Chemical Ecology of Cave-Dwelling Millipedes: Defensive Secretions of the Typhloiulini (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae) | Authors: | Makarov, Slobodan Bodner, Michaela Reineke, Doris Vujisić, Ljubodrag Todosijević, Marina Antić, Dragan Vagalinski, Boyan Lučić, Luka Mitić, Bojan Mitov, Plamen Anđelković, Boban Pavković Lučić, Sofija Vajs, Vlatka Tomić, Vladimir Raspotnig, Günther |
Keywords: | Typhloiulini;Typhloiulus;Serboiulus;Lamellotyphlus;2-ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone;Quinone millipedes;Chemical defense;Chemosystematics. | Issue Date: | 1-Apr-2017 | Rank: | M21 | Journal: | Journal of Chemical Ecology | Volume: | 43 | Issue: | 4 | Start page: | 317 | End page: | 326 | Abstract: | Cave animals live under highly constant ecological conditions and in permanent darkness, and many evolutionary adaptations of cave-dwellers have been triggered by their specific environment. A similar “cave effect” leading to pronounced chemical interactions under such conditions may be assumed, but the chemoecology of troglobionts is mostly unknown. We investigated the defensive chemistry of a largely cave-dwelling julid group, the controversial tribe “Typhloiulini”, and we included some cave-dwelling and some endogean representatives. While chemical defense in juliform diplopods is known to be highly uniform, and mainly based on methyl- and methoxy-substituted benzoquinones, the defensive secretions of typhloiulines contained ethyl-benzoquinones and related compounds. Interestingly, ethyl-benzoquinones were found in some, but not all cave-dwelling typhloiulines, and some non-cave dwellers also contained these compounds. On the other hand, ethyl-benzoquinones were not detected in troglobiont nor in endogean typhloiuline outgroups. In order to explain the taxonomic pattern of ethyl-benzoquinone occurrence, and to unravel whether a cave-effect triggered ethyl-benzoquinone evolution, we classed the “Typhloiulini” investigated here within a phylogenetic framework of julid taxa, and traced the evolutionary history of ethyl-benzoquinones in typhloiulines in relation to cave-dwelling. The results indicated a cave-independent evolution of ethyl-substituted benzoquinones, indicating the absence of a “cave effect” on the secretions of troglobiont Typhloiulini. Ethyl-benzoquinones probably evolved early in an epi- or endogean ancestor of a clade including several, but not all Typhloiulus (basically comprising a taxonomic entity known as “Typhloiulus sensu stricto”) and Serboiulus. Ethyl-benzoquinones are proposed as novel and valuable chemical characters for julid systematics. |
URI: | https://biore.bio.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/632 | ISSN: | 0098-0331 | DOI: | 10.1007/s10886-017-0832-1 |
Appears in Collections: | Journal Article |
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