Actual and Potential Distribution of the European Pond Turtle, Emys orbicularis (L., 1758) in Serbia, with Conservation Implications

Abstract

Although the European Pond Turtle (Emys orbicularis) attracts considerable conservation efforts across its distribution range, in Serbia, it is understudied and assessed as Data Deficient at the national level. We surveyed approximately 10% of the territory of Serbia and noted turtles at 76 separate 10 × 10 km MGRS squares, 43 of which were noted for the first time. Turtles were usually observed in oxbows, scattered small water bodies, canals and in water-filled and vegetated, abandoned gravel pits. Models with these accurate distribution data and set of climate, topographic and land cover variables are used to explain the turtle’s ecological niche and predict where the species presence is to be expected in Serbia. In Vojvodina, turtles are limited to industrial, urban and semi-natural habitats not used for agriculture, while in the rest of Serbia it occurs in more natural habitats and small scale agriculture practice even seems to be preferred. Further studies are necessary for adequate management planning and effective protection of E. orbicularis in Serbia. More data on distribution need to be collected, especially in central and southern Serbia. Conservation efforts should focus to prevent illegal collection of turtles and destruction of their habitats i.e. should control illegal dumping places and verusing of agriculture machinery and chemicals.