Snakebite with a fatal outcome ın Western Serbıa: A rare case report

Abstract

Introduction: Snakebites can lead to a wide range of clinical mani-festations, from local tissue effects to systemic complications, includ-ing rhabdomyolysis, coagulopathy, acute kidney injury, neurological, and cardiac events. Although snakebites in Western Serbia are gen-erally not a major public health issue, severe cases may occur, with potentially fatal outcomes.Patient review: We report the case of a 71-year-old man bitten by Vipera ammodytes in Bajina Bašta, Western Serbia. He was presented with fatigue, vomiting, and swelling of the left hand one hour after the bite. His past medical history included diabetes mellitus, ischemic stroke, and cerebral aneurysm repair. On admission, he was hypoten-sive and dehydrated, with a local hematoma and thrombocytopenia. He received antivenom, corticosteroids, dopamine, antibiotics, and supportive care. Despite initial stabilization, the patient developed acute respiratory distress, acute kidney injury, hypotension, and pe-ripheral cyanosis, requiring mechanical ventilation and dual inotro-pic support. Laboratory findings indicated coagulopathy and rising markers of organ injury. Despite intensive management, the patient succumbed to complications.Conclusion: This represents the first reported fatal snakebite in West-ern Serbia in the past 30 years. The primary pathogenic mechanism was likely disseminated intravascular coagulation triggered by the venom. This case highlights the importance of prolonged clinical and laboratory monitoring, timely supportive therapy, and awareness of potentially severe systemic complications following snakebites.